Which process intensifies ocean boundary currents on the western sides of continents?

💡 Explanation

When water moves poleward deflected by earth’s rotation, planetary vorticity gradient changes with latitude induce shear, intensifying the currents. Therefore, gradient changes affects western boundary currents, rather than Ekman transport, convergence, or balance, which involve alternate coastal forces.

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• Which phenomenon primarily determines the arc shape of volcanic island chains formed at subduction zones?
• Which mechanism causes increased phytoplankton productivity due to upwelling circulation?
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