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Which process limits electronic conductivity in solid-state ionic conductors at low temperatures?

A)Increased grain boundary resistance
B)Phonon scattering from lattice vibrations
C)Reduced charge carrier concentration
D)Electron-hole recombination at defect sites

💡 Explanation

At low temperatures in solid-state ionic conductors, ionic mobility is significantly hindered which increases grain boundary resistance because ion hopping between grains is thermally activated leading to limited conductivity. Therefore increased grain boundary resistance limits conductivity, rather than scattering, carrier concentration, or recombination which don't dominate in ionic mobility context.

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