Which process limits maximum Carnot cycle efficiency in real closed-cycle gas turbines?

💡 Explanation

When heat is transferred across a finite temperature difference in a heat exchanger, entropy generation occurs because the process is irreversible, thus lowering the practical temperature difference that Carnot cycle can operate across, limiting its efficiency. Therefore heat exchanger temperature approach is primary limitation, rather than creep, leakage, or combustor issue which are related mechanical or chemical failures.

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