Which process limits reaction rate when enzyme concentration exceeds substrate with stable Michaelis constant?

💡 Explanation

When enzyme concentration exceeds substrate, the substrate diffusion to the active site becomes rate-limiting because the available enzyme molecules are underutilized due to the limited substrate supply given substrate is not readily available by Brownian or other diffusion mechanisms. Therefore substrate diffusion limits the maximum achievable rate, rather than product inhibition, enzyme denaturation which require different excess conditions or immediate chemical changes.

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