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Which risk greatly increases following frost damage preventing grapevine bud development?

A)Increased vulnerability to opportunistic fungal infection
B)Decreased xylem diameter impedes water transport
C)Lowered surface tension prevents nutrient uptake
D)Inhibited root respiration leads to stunted growth

💡 Explanation

Increased risk of fungal infection occurs because cellular damage from ice crystal formation causes cell lysis, a phase change, which releases nutrients that promote fungal growth; therefore fungal infection is likely because exposed tissue provides resources, rather than impaired xylem or root respiration.

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