Which risk increases during avian flight when contaminated vane feathers disrupt laminar airflow?

💡 Explanation

When vane feathers are contaminated and fail to maintain a smooth surface, turbulent flow replaces laminar airflow over the wing because increased friction amplifies disturbance to attached flow, leading to early separation and localized stall. Therefore, stall speed increases, rather than oxygen pressure decreasing, impacting visual tracking and accuracy negatively, or enhancing efficiency during thermoregulation which is unrelated.

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