Which risk increases when a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine operates with excessive exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)?

💡 Explanation

When excessive EGR is used in a GDI engine, increased carbon fouling occurs on the intake valves because reduced fresh air flow results in incomplete combustion and deposition of unburnt hydrocarbons. Therefore, intake valve carbon fouling results, rather than surge, temperature increase, or cavitation issues which rely on different mechanisms.

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