Which risk increases when riverside levees are heavily reinforced with impermeable materials, impacting floodplain connectivity?

💡 Explanation

When impermeable materials reinforce levees, floodplain connection decreases because flow is channelized, increasing flow velocity and shear stress on the riverbed. Therefore elevated riverbed scouring occurs, rather than sediment deposition or flood attenuation upstream which require different hydraulic impedance characteristics.

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