Which risk increases when the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy in a photovoltaic dye molecule is lowered?

💡 Explanation

Increased energy conversion overpotential results when the HOMO energy lowers because it reduces the voltage generated due to the decreased difference between the oxidation potential of the dye and redox potential. This is because HOMO energy level is the oxidation limit therefore overpotential risks rise, rather than improving electron transport.

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