Which risk most profoundly affects infrastructure built on deeply deposited alluvial fans?

💡 Explanation

Avulsion presents a major risk because alluvial fans have multiple, unpredictable flow paths. These streams shift courses rapidly via channel avulsion, a relocation driven by increased sediment deposition, therefore infrastructure faces sudden overwhelming water flows, rather than slow ground failure.

• Which surface deformation commonly results from seasonal solifluction in subarctic tundra caused by melting permafrost?
• Which mechanism forms a tarn as a glacier retreats from a cirque?
• Which risk increases when acidic rainfall enhances mineral leaching?
• Which outcome occurs involving mechanical weathering when freeze-thaw cycles erode slopes?
• Which outcome occurs when intense rainfall erodes mountain slopes feeding an alluvial fan?
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