Which structural instability results when yielding rebar compromises concrete confinement?

💡 Explanation

Longitudinal rebar buckling occurs because insufficient concrete confinement leads to reduced lateral support on the rebar after yielding during compression, therefore the rebar bends unstably rather than maintaining its load carrying capacity; pore pressure or chemical reactions cause other effects.

• Which outcome occurs in a pneumatic actuator when supply pressure exceeds the actuator's design limits?
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• Which risk increases when concrete cover protecting rebar from chloride intrusion decreases below design specification?
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