Which structural vulnerability increased for late Roman fortifications that incorporated extensive mortar use during construction?

💡 Explanation

When water permeates the porous mortar, freeze-thaw cycles induce expansion because water increases in volume upon freezing, leading to structural disintegration within the mortar matrix. Therefore increased susceptibility to frost heave occurs, rather than localized breaching, tensile stress, or seismic vulnerabilities which depend on different geological or loading conditions.

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