Which symptom indicates that a PID control loop in a chemical reactor is excessively tuned responding violently?

💡 Explanation

When a PID loop is aggressively tuned, large proportional, integral, or derivative gains amplify process noise, causing continuous oscillations around the setpoint because corrections are too strong. The persistent high-frequency oscillations results, rather than slow drift, output saturation or random variations if gains were within stable limits.

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