Why does chronic cytokine exposure promote tumor growth, rather than triggering immune clearance?

💡 Explanation

Chronic cytokine exposure, especially TNF-alpha and IL-6, activates the NF-κB pathway in tumor cells, because this transcription factor upregulates genes encoding anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic factors. Therefore, tumor cells survive and proliferate, rather than being eliminated by immune cells as intended by cytokine signaling in acute inflammation.

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