Why does chronic inflammation, triggered by persistent exposure to inhaled silica particles, lead to sustained activation of the NF-κB pathway in lung epithelial cells?

💡 Explanation

Silica particles cause continuous oxidative stress, leading to sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate the NF-κB pathway because ROS acts as signaling molecules that trigger inflammatory gene expression; therefore, NF-κB remains active rather than returning to baseline, unlike transient inflammation where ROS production ceases.

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