If antibiotic resistance genes spread from resistant bacteria to non-resistant bacteria via horizontal gene transfer in a patient's gut microbiome, which consequence follows?

💡 Explanation

Horizontal gene transfer involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria, therefore non-resistant bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance genes, becoming resistant themselves. This occurs because the genes provide new survival mechanisms rather than other immune or metabolic effects.

• Why does hypertonic interstitial fluid in the renal medulla enable concentrated urine production?
• Why does elevated estrogen during the menstrual cycle typically promote follicle maturation, rather than follicular atresia, despite both processes using similar receptors?
• Which consequence results when the temperature compensation mechanism fails within thyroid feedback loops?
• A patient's small intestine exhibits reduced expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors, specifically affecting digestive processes. Which consequence follows regarding bile secretion and fat digestion?
• Why does consuming large quantities of poorly digestible plant fiber lead to increased gas production and bloating in the digestive tract?
• An individual with chronic dehydration exhibits increased calcium oxalate crystal formation in the kidneys. Which risk increases as the urine's saturation level rises?