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← TechnologyWhich action occurs when PID controller integral windup causes actuator saturation?
A)Control loop oscillates continuously
B)System reaches steady state rapidly
C)Controller output remains fixed✓
D)Setpoint tracking becomes perfect
💡 Explanation
When integral windup saturates the actuator it prevents the control loop from influencing any change, because integrator continues accumulating error even after actuator full range reached limits. Therefore the controller output remains fixed, rather than oscillating, stabilizing rapidly, or achieving perfect tracking which require sustained control action.
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