Which effect counteracts heat loss when an arctic fox experiences prolonged exposure to sub-zero temperatures, triggering shivering thermogenesis?

💡 Explanation

When an arctic fox experiences prolonged cold, vasoconstriction occurs because sympathetic nerve activation reduces blood vessel diameter near the skin, decreasing surface heat loss via radiation. Therefore, vasoconstriction is the mechanism at play, not increased evaporative cooling, enhanced sweat-related metabolism, or decreased BAT flow, which would exacerbate core cooling.

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