Which effect limits the maximum work obtainable from irreversible Carnot engine compared to ideal reversible Carnot engine?

💡 Explanation

When an irreversible Carnot engine operates, entropy increases during heat transfer because temperature gradients are present, diminishing the amount of energy convertible to work. Therefore, the maximum work output is reduced, rather than by combustion, friction or surface area, which are inefficiencies independent of Carnot cycle idealization.

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