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Which effect on navigation systems results from orbiting satellites' spacetime position?

A)Gravitational time dilation accrues error
B)Ionospheric refraction decreases signal speed
C)Increased cosmic ray induced hardware failures
D)Atomic clock precision becomes unreliable

💡 Explanation

The satellite's altitude and relative velocity cause differences via general relativity. The mechanism is gravitational time dilation, leading atomic clocks to drift at a different rate. Therefore, synchronization corrections are necessary, rather than atmospheric effects predominating at that altitude.

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