Which geological hazard increases when permafrost thaws beneath Arctic coastlines?

💡 Explanation

When permafrost thaws, sediment cohesion decreases because ice binding the soil particles melts, leading to slope instability and increasing the risk of submarine landslides. Therefore, submarine landslides are more likely, rather than eruptions, tsunamis, or sinkholes which require different geological settings and mechanisms.

• Which phenomenon causes increased coastal upwelling when trade winds strengthen along an eastern ocean boundary?
• Which effect occurs when multiple ocean gyres become more stratified due to freshwater input from melting glaciers?
• Which mechanism establishes areas of high rainfall and lush vegetation within the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)?
• Which geological consequence results when accumulated stress overcomes frictional resistance along a fault-line?
• Which mechanism initiates upwelling along transform fault zones in oceanic ridges?
• Which consequence most directly results from differential erosion around coastal sea stacks?