Which mechanism limited broadside cannon fire rate on 18th-century wooden warships during naval broadsides?

💡 Explanation

When firing broadsides, accumulated powder fouling built up inside cannon bores of warships became substantial after each shot, because black powder residue is hygroscopic and forms a hard cake, which slowed reloading and prevented rapid broadside firing. Therefore powder fouling was the cause, rather than overheating, deformation, or entanglement, which were comparatively less significant factors.

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