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Which navigational error is caused when GPS satellites experience less spacetime curvature?

A)Overestimated satellite orbital velocity
B)Underestimated signal propagation delay
C)Increased atmospheric refraction effects
D)Reduced Doppler shift compensation

💡 Explanation

Satellites at higher altitudes experience less gravitational spacetime curvature, so time passes faster; General Relativity predicts this. The GPS requires extremely precise time measurements, therefore, because the satellite on-board clocks run slightly faster, the signal delay is underestimated rather than navigational inaccuracies arising from other propagation errors.

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