Which outcome occurs when a large volume of molten metal experiences rapid, uncontrolled cooling in casting?

💡 Explanation

When molten metal cools rapidly after casting, thermal contraction induces substantial stress gradients due to differential cooling rates, causing micro-crack propagation as the material solidifies non-uniformly. Therefore micro-crack propagation occurs, not precipitate formation, martensite or enhanced ductility, which require slower, controlled phase transformations.

• Which process causes increased bond energy during sigma orbital interactions?
• Which outcome occurs when an exothermic reaction reaches equilibrium in a closed, adiabatic container?
• Which outcome occurs when an exothermic chemical reaction lacks sufficient activation energy?
• Which outcome occurs when the rate constant exceeds diffusion limit in enzyme catalysis within a cell?
• Which outcome results when a catalyst lowers the energy of specific molecular orbitals?
• Which consequence results when temperature decreases in semiconductors?