Which outcome occurs when basaltic lava cools rapidly underwater?

💡 Explanation

Pillow lava forms during submarine eruptions; rapid cooling creates a solid outer skin that inflates with continued lava flow from within because heat dissipation is fast. Rapid quenching solidifies the outer layer rather than allowing effusive flow into broad sheets, therefore creating the inflated lobe shape instead of A'a or Pahoehoe structures.

• Which mechanism amplifies temperature gradients at mid-latitudes when polar Hadley cell boundaries shift equatorward?
• Which mechanism causes coastal dune formation along lake shorelines with strong prevailing winds?
• Which mechanism increases avalanche risk along steep fjord walls during periods of heavy snowfall?
• Which risk increases when mountain streams fed by glacial melt reach elevated temperatures?
• Which mechanism causes strong regional uplift during flat-slab subduction?
• Which outcome occurs when a rapidly eroding mountain range deposits sediment onto a flat plain?