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Which outcome results when electrons in a scanning tunneling microscope encounter a non-conducting surface?

A)Electron migration to tip increases
B)Tip-surface distance resolution degrades
C)Vibrational resonance within sample occurs
D)Thermionic emission diminishes sharply

💡 Explanation

Reduced tunneling occurs because the quantum-mechanical Tunneling process rate exponentially decreases with increasing barrier width (the gap widens where its supposed to be flat); therefore, the microscope loses fine surface resolution rather than electron emission changes or vibration, which involve different thermal or material properties.

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