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Which risk increases when a capacitor's equivalent series resistance (ESR) decreases significantly in a high-frequency power converter?

A)Increased radiative electromagnetic interference (EMI).
B)Elevated output voltage ripple magnitude.
C)Higher probability of thermal runaway.
D)Decreased overall converter power efficiency.

💡 Explanation

A smaller ESR causes less inherent damping of ripple currents, exacerbating any self-heating, and increasing the probability of thermal runaway; because the current is not limited, temperatures rise rapidly, therefore thermal runaway follows rather than EMI or ripple due to inductance.

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