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Which risk increases when integrated circuit crystals shrink?

A)Electron tunneling current leakage rises
B)Thermal runaway conditions improve
C)Dopant atom segregation becomes uniform
D)Crystal lattice defects are healed

💡 Explanation

As crystal scales decrease, tunneling probabilities increase, therefore electron tunneling rises, leading to higher leakage currents, because quantum tunneling becomes significant. Leakage rises rather than decreases because electron mobility increases within small lattices.

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