Which slope deformation is most directly attributable to thawing permafrost layer above an impermeable frozen subsurface?

💡 Explanation

Water-saturated active layer that thaws above permafrost undergoes downslope movement due to gravity. Saturation reduces soil strength causing solifluction lobe formation. Therefore, solifluction is directly linked to permafrost thaw, while the alternatives result from different geomorphic drivers and environments.

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